Aural Hematoma is a fluctuant fluid-filled swelling on the inside surface of the pinna as a result of head shaking or scratching of the ear. This condition is most often associated with otitis externa (nflammation of the external ear canal), but can also be associated with trauma or increased fragility of the capillaries of the pinna. This is diagnosed based on physical examination. Ear cytology is performed to determine if otitis externa is the underlying cause. Treatment involves placement of a cannula for drainage or surgery to drain the fluid and remove the clots and fibrin. Any underlying ear infection is also treated at the same time. If no therapy is pursued, the fluctuant swelling will become firm and thickened, and will eventually become fibrosed to have a “cauliflower” appearance.
Aural Masses can be benign or malignant, and occur on the ear pinna or in the external, middle, or inner ear canals. Often times, a mass in the canal will not be apparent until an otic exam or imaging diagnostics are performed. Masses in the middle and inner ear are best diagnosed with advanced imaging; such as CT scan or MRI. Therapy involves removal of the mass and treating secondary infections caused by the mass.
Otitis Externa is acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear canal as a result of a change in the normal canal environment. There can be genetic or breed predispositions which may involve glandular hyperplasia, hair within the canals, pendulous pinnae, or stenotic ear canals. Food or environmental allergens may also contribute to the inflammation. Risk factors may include swimming and excessive ear care. The development of benign or malignant masses in the ear canals can also cause significant inflammation. Clinical signs include head shaking or rubbing and ear scratching, malodor and discharge from ears, head tilt, or hearing deficit. Diagnostic testing involves an otic exam, neurologic exam, ear cytology, ear canal cultures or biopsies, advanced imaging (CT scan or MRI) for inner ear disease, and food allergy trials and allergy testing. Therapy is directed toward treating the underlying cause and the secondary infection and inflammation. It can include ear cleaning or flushing, ear medications, oral medications, a prescription hydrolyzed diet, and surgery to remove masses or a severely diseased ear canal.