Dietary

Dietary problems can arise as a result of improper nutrition. Imbalances in nutrition may cause malnutrition, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal problems, and obesity. Malnutrition occurs with vitamin and mineral deficiencies or excesses. This can impact the immune system and cause gastrointestinal disease, orthopedic problems, or diabetes. Nutrient-deprived animals can present with failure to grow, general malaise, or anorexia. These animals may have a thin body condition, poor haircoat, skeletal abnormalities or fractured bones, muscle wasting, and broken or missing teeth. Overnourished animals are obese. They may present with lameness, endocrine problems, skin problems and poor grooming, inability for activity, and labored breathing. Therapy is directed at correcting the nutritional deficiency or excess, and often includes calculating an ideal daily calorie intake for weight gain or loss. Fluid therapy, medication, and supplements may also be indicated.