Adverse reactions may occur secondary to medications; such as, antibiotics, hormones, and chemotherapy agents. Reactions to parasiticides, vaccinations, insect bites, snake bites, a food ingredient, or exposure to certain plants and other environmental allergens can also occur. Clinical signs are facial swelling, hives, pruritus, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, respiratory distress, and collapse. Diagnosis is based on a known exposure. Diagnostic testing includes bloodwork, blood pressure, and chest x-rays if difficulty breathing. Therapy may involve fluid therapy, antihistamines, steroids, epinephrine, oxygen therapy, and medications for specific symptoms.
